Structured Query Subtypes

• Structure Query Language and commonly pronounced, as “SEQUEL” (Structured English Query Language).
• Dr E.F Codd published the paper on relational database model in June 1970. IBM Corporation, Inc.
• SEQUEL later become SQL.
• It allows the user to communicate as the server.
• It is easy to learn and use.
• It is functionally complete, by allowing the use to define, retrieve and manipulate the data.

Components of SQL

• Oracle SQL Complies with industry accepted standards.
• The SQL Contains 5 Sub Language.

Data Retrieval/Query Language(DRL/DQL)

SELECT

• It used to retrieve the information from database objects for read only purpose.

Data Manipulation Language(DML)

• It used to manipulate the data in database objects

Insert (new contact)
Update (modify)
Delete (remove)

Data Definition Language(DDL)

• Used to define database objects

o creation
o modification
o removing

Create
Alter
Drop
Truncate
Rename

Data Control Language(DCL)

• it used to share the information between users

Grants (give)
Revoke (cancel)

Transaction Control Language(TCL)

• it used to save or cancel DML operations

Commit
Rollback
Savepoint

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